Coaxial Cable

Coaxial Cable is a high capacity cable used in telephone and television system. Coaxial cable is very effective at carrying many analog signals at high frequencies.

Two kinds of coaxial cable are widely used. One 50-ohm cable, is commonly used for digital transmission. The other one 75-ohm cable is commonly used for analog transmission.

A coaxial cable consist of central copper wire as a core, surrounded by an insulating material which is a Tenflonor PVC insulation. This insulation is encased by a cylindrical conductor which is a sleeve of copper mesh or extruded aluminum. This outer metal sleeve or mesh is covered in a protective plastic jacket (a plastic sheath) as shown in figure above.

The signal is carried by the inner copper wire. The signal is electrically shielded by the outer metal sleeve. The construction and shielding of the coaxial cable give it a good combination of high bandwidth and excellent noise immunity.

The bandwidth possible depends on the cable length. For 1-km cables, a data rate of 1 to 2 GBPS feasible. Longer cables can also be used, but only at lower data rates or with periodic amplifiers. A 3/8 in television cable has a bandwidth around 300 mega hertz’s. The cable can carry digital signals at very high rates of 10 Mega bits per second.

Although coaxial cables used to be widely used within the telephone system but have now largely been replaced by fibre optics on long – haul routes. Coax is still widely used for cable television and some local area networks however.

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