Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

The protocol specifies the exact format of messages a client on one machine uses to transfer mail to a server on another. SMTP has a modification of earlier Mail Transfer Protocol (MTP). SMTP simply monitors the delivery of mail across a link from one machine to another. It is doesn’t specify anything about mail storage.

SMTP rigidly defines the command format that users can easily read when the interaction between client and server take place. Initially a client establishes a reliable stream connection to the server and waits for the server to send a 220 READY. FOR MAIL MESSAGE. Upon the receipt of 220 message, the client sends a HELLO command. The server responds by identifying itself. Once the communication has been established, the sender can transmit one or more mail messages and then the receiver acknowledges each message.

The mail transactions begin with MAIL command. The FORM : field contains the sender’s address, to which errors or acknowledgements are communicated. After a successful MAIL command . sender sends a series of RCPT commands that identify the recipients. In turn each recipient sends an acknowledgment by 250 ok command. The sender sends DATA command which will be followed by a complete mail message. In turn receiver responds with message 354 START MAIL INPUT: Finally the communication end with QUIT command. These are the different activities managed by SMTP.

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